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De-odorase

Submitted by vrobin on Wed, 12/04/2019 - 09:20

DE-ODORASE contains an extract of the yucca plant known for its ability to reduce ammonia arising from animal waste. De-Odorase​ forms a part of nutritional strategy to reduce the impact of ammonia on health and productivity of confined livestock, waste treatment system and environmental air quality.

Available in liquid and powder forms.

For use in: Ruminants, aquaculture poultry

DE-ODORASE is a trademark of Alltech, Inc.

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Yea-Sacc

Submitted by vrobin on Wed, 12/04/2019 - 09:18

YEA-SACC is a live yeast culture based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026, the world’s most widely researched yeast strain and specifically selected for its influence on animal performance. Yea-Sacc has a low inclusion rate and a large body of research clarifying its mode of action and performance responses.

Provides benefits to ruminant performance

  • Stabilizes rumen pH
  • Increases bioavailability of nutrients from forage
  • Increases protein supply

*Yea-Sacc is also available in bolus form.

For use in: Ruminants, poultry, aquaculture, pigs and equine.

YEA-SACC is a trademark of Alltech, Inc.

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Mold-Zap

Submitted by vrobin on Wed, 12/04/2019 - 09:15

MOLD-ZAP is a powerful mould inhibitor used for animal feed and stored grain, comprised of buffered propionic acid. The propionic acid in Mold-Zap is buffered with ammonia through a special process that yields ammonium dipropionate, resulting in lower pungency.

Mold-Zap® is designed to inhibit mould growth and retain dry matter and nutrients for less top spoilage. It is also designed for less deterioration (dry matter loss). The attribute of propionic acid as a mould inhibitor require no introduction or reference. However, propionic acid alone is a very corrosive, paint-stripping, degreasing commodity with a high affinity for most seal/gasket materials. The propionic acid in MOLD-ZAP is buffered with ammonia in a special process that yields ammonium dipropionate.

Key benefits of MOLD-ZAP:

  • Kills a wide range of moulds found in feed
  • Is infinitely stable
  • Safe to handle
  • Non-corrosive to machinery and operator friendly
  • Compatible with other feed ingredients and feed additives
  • Has prolonged action

For use in: Ruminants, aquaculture and poultry

MOLD-ZAP is a trademark of Alltech, Inc.

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Optigen

Submitted by vrobin on Wed, 12/04/2019 - 09:06

Optigen is Alltech's non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source for ruminants.Optigen is a technology that allows changes in feed formulation. These changes, in turn, meet the needs of the rumen microbial population growth, increased fibre digestion and improved efficiency of rumen nitrogen capture.

Contact for reformulation advice.

OPTIGEN is a trademark of Alltech, Inc.

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Bio-Mos

Submitted by vrobin on Wed, 12/04/2019 - 08:56

BIO-MOS is derived from a specific strain of yeast and is designed to feed the gastrointestinal tract. Bio-Mos promotes good bacteria and builds natural defences, thereby maximizing dairy cattle and calf performance and profitability.

Bio-Mos is the original natural solution to intestinal health issues. It is a unique product derived from the outer cell wall of a selected strain of yeast using a proprietary process developed by Alltech. The product is approved for use in organic diets by Quality Assurance International. Bio-Mos is ARC certified, meaning the product is guaranteed for consistency and quality with every batch produced.

Bio-Mos is incorporated in animal diets to maintain gut health and overall performance.

For use in: Dairy, poultry and aquaculture.

BIO-MOS is a trademark of Alltech, Inc.

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Sel-Plex

Submitted by vrobin on Wed, 12/04/2019 - 08:54

Sel-Plex is Alltech's proprietary organic form of selenium yeast manufactured to mimic Mother Nature, thus better absorbed, stored and utilized by the animal than inorganic selenium. Selenium plays an essential role in metabolism, orchestrating normal growth, launching reproductive efforts, neutralizing free radicals and supporting the body’s normal defence mechanism against infection. 

Alltech is currently the world's largest producer of natural, organic selenium yeast.

For use in: Dairy, poultry, pigs, aquaculture, equine, companion animals, goats, sheep, toxicity and safety studies, selenium-enriched food products

Usage: Consult your local Alltech representative

Patents/Approval: Cleared by EU, FDA, OMRI, GRAS, CFIA, APVMA

SEL-PLEX is a trademark of Alltech, Inc.

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Mycosorb A+

Submitted by vrobin on Wed, 12/04/2019 - 08:51

MYCOSORB A+ represents the revolution in mycotoxin binders, offering superior binding capabilities and a broader adsorption profile, culminating in enhanced protection against the effects of mycotoxins. Mycosorb A+ reduces mycotoxin absorption within the bird, thereby negating the damaging effects of mycotoxins on its health and performance.

Alltech’s continued drive for product and research development has identified this new approach to mycotoxin binding. This has helped determine the precise ingredients needed to expand the binding capabilities of Mycosorb A+.

Alltech’s proprietary production ensures total control of the process, complete traceability and conformance to global quality standards.

Backed by 25 years of research and patent-protected technology, Mycosorb A+ is the successor to Europe’s number one selling mycotoxin binder.

For use in: Dairy, pig, poultry, equine, companion animals and aquaculture.

For more information, visit: www.knowmycotoxins.com

 

MYCOSORB A+ is a trademark of Alltech, Inc.

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Dry cow minerals that go to work, not to waste.

Submitted by lkilian on Wed, 12/04/2019 - 02:19

Successful transition from the dry period into lactation is one of the most critical moments in a dairy cow’s lactation. It will have a direct impact on milk production, cow health and reproductive performance during the subsequent lactation.

To achieve a successful transition, the management and nutrition of dry cows needs to be right. The success of the transition revolves around four key pillars: Body condition score, nutrition, minerals and management.

During the dry cow period, these four pillars will lead to smooth, stress-free calving and set their herds up for successful lactation by reducing metabolic issues around calving, including milk fever, retained placenta, displaced abomasum and ketosis.

As previously mentioned, one of the four pillars relates to correct mineral nutrition. Dry cows should be fed a dry cow mineral for the duration of the period (ideally between six to eight weeks). This is to ensure there is a good reserve of minerals built up, allowing the cow to calve down without any issues and continue into the lactation to follow.

Testing silage

Most silages do not supply the required amount of minerals to get the cow through the dry period. As a result, these minerals need to be supplemented. If you have not already done so, test your silage for minerals.

It is important to note that the mineral status of our soils and forages varies tremendously from farm to farm and year to year. The simplest and most accurate way of knowing the mineral status is by testing the forages being fed to cows, whether it be grass, grass silage, maize or wholecrop silage. Once found, informed decisions can be made on the most effective way of supplementation.

To date, many of this year’s silage analyses are showing a deficiency in phosphorus and an excess supply of potassium due to a high level of soluble nitrogen, caused by high fertiliser- and slurry-application rates.

Managing milk fever

When it comes to major mineral nutrition, it is essential to establish a good basis for the control of milk fever and sub-clinical milk fever. Milk fever is known as the ‘gateway disease’ because it leads to many other complications, such as retained cleanings and displaced abomasum. Research shows that where milk fever is relatively well-controlled, approximately 33% of cows experience sub-clinical milk fever.

The risk of milk fever reduces if cow BCS is monitored and controlled in late lactation and throughout the dry period. Cows should be dried off between BCS 3–3.25, with this BCS maintained throughout the dry period. Cows with both too high and too low BCS are shown to have an increased risk of milk fever.

Clinical milk fever is usually easy to detect. Sub-clinical milk fever, however, is often difficult to see and can often go unnoticed. This, in turn, can increase costs, as it affects more cows and leads to varying metabolic disorders, such as retained cleanings, metritis, mastitis and ketosis.

The increase in demand for calcium around calving and the transition period presents a significant challenge for a cow’s system. The cow’s normal reserve pool of calcium is about 2.5–3.5g and cows can only afford to lose approximately 50% of this pool before a hypocalcaemia crisis is initiated. With a single litre of colostrum requiring 2.3g of calcium, it is easy to see how a cow can quickly become calcium deficient.

It is not so much the sudden demand for calcium that causes milk fever, but more so the fact that the cow’s system can take 24–48 hours post-calving to become fully functional. It is this time lag that causes the cow to drain calcium from her plasma pool, and as this reserve decreases, so too does the cow’s blood calcium status, possibly bringing about a case of sub-clinical or clinical milk fever.

In order to avoid this, it is critical that mineral supplementation continues up until the point of calving and an adequate post-calving mineral is also supplied.

Major mineral requirements

Magnesium is a crucial major mineral in relation to the control of milk fever. Magnesium is necessary for the metabolism and absorption of calcium within the cow around calving. Throughout the dry period, a cow needs between 25–30g magnesium per day. If a silage mineral analysis is 0.15% magnesium, a cow eating 11kg dry matter intake (DMI) during the dry period will take in 1.65g of magnesium from silage. As a result, the mineral supplement will need to supply at least 24g of magnesium. If the feed rate of the mineral is 120g per head per day, there needs to be a minimum of 20% magnesium to make up the deficit.

Potassium in Irish silages is typically between 1.8–2.4%. However, the dry cow requirement is only 0.52%. Potassium interacts closely with magnesium, locking it up in the rumen, which can slow down the absorption and mobilisation of calcium, leading to milk fever. With sufficient magnesium supplementation, the typical levels of potassium can be managed. If potassium is greater than 1.8% in silage, alternative measures need to be taken, such as introducing Cal-Mag or sweetened Cal-Mag.

Unless you are following a DCAD diet program, grass silage can supply the calcium required during the dry period. This ensures that the cow mobilises calcium reserves within her bones and bloodstream, reducing the risk of milk fever.

Trace minerals during the dry period

Trace minerals, or micro minerals, play a massive role in supporting immune function, fertility and production of dairy cows. Throughout the dairy cow’s cycle, calving is the most stressful period on the immune system. It is important that throughout the dry period, the cow can build up the necessary amount of trace minerals to allow her to draw from her reserves when she calves down. Irish grass silages have been shown to be 63% low in copper, 69% low in selenium and 29% low in zinc (Rogers and Murphy, 2000). As a result, supplementation is essential.

Important trace minerals:

  • Selenium: Works with Vitamin E, acts as an antioxidant and helps support cow and calf immune function. Calves fed protected selenium in the form of Sel-Plex® are well-developed (heart, lungs, skeletal) and have a good suckling ability. Sel-Plex sets up the cow for the lactation to come and reduces the incidence of high somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis in the following lactation.
  • Copper: Copper is involved in the creation of red blood cells. In its organic form, such as Bioplex® copper, it is key to maintaining successful immune function pre-calving and into the lactation to follow. Bioplex copper also plays a key role in reproduction and hoof health as the cow begins the lactation cycle.
  • Zinc: The trace mineral that influences udder and hoof health in dairy cows. Zinc supplementation is essential at all times of the year as it helps to keep SCC under control, reduces incidences of mastitis and helps to maintain the hardness of the hoof. During the dry period, zinc in its protected form is key to supporting immune function.
  • Iodine: Low dietary iodine intake during pregnancy has been associated with an increased incidence of small and weak calves, increased incidence of goitre, decreased resistance to hypothermia, decreased survival and low immune function. In the following lactation, cows recycle poorly, which means that iodine is not stored in the body and so must be supplied in the diet.

On many farms throughout the country, producers are using minerals containing inorganic salts of trace minerals, such as sodium selenite and copper sulphate. However, this form of trace mineral is not what the animal has evolved to use. The soil contains inorganic minerals, which are then taken up by the plant (i.e., grass) and converted to organic forms of minerals. The animal then eats the plant containing minerals in this organic form. The animal cannot store inorganic minerals, so they are not reserved for times of stress, such as calving or disease.

Feeding trace minerals in their organic form — such as Bioplex copper and zinc and Sel-Plex, an organic form of selenium from Alltech — leads to these minerals being absorbed at higher levels, stored and utilised by the animal. This helps to build the cow’s immune system, supports her during stressful times and helps overall cow performance.

Using proven technologies as part of a dry cow nutrition programme generates a higher return on investment, benefitting both cow performance and farm profitability. Many farmers across Ireland are now seeing a positive response in their herds from using Bioplex and Sel-Plex in their dry cow mineral.

fertility-graphs.png

 

To discuss options for implementing a successful dry cow programme this season, get in contact with Alltech today.

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Progressive Cattle: 4 strategies to beat BRD in your feedyard

Submitted by jnorrie on Tue, 12/03/2019 - 19:51

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the number one cause of feedlot cattle death in North America and represents more than 70% of all feedlot death and sickness. BRD is the single largest source of morbidity and mortality in feedlots, causing an estimated $2 billion to $3 billion in losses annually.

Click here to read the full article. 

La importancia de los minerales orgánicos en la nutrición acuícola - Segunda parte

Submitted by ldobler on Tue, 12/03/2019 - 13:59

Interferencia con otros componentes del alimento balanceado

Se ha determinado que algunos minerales traza, por su naturaleza química oxidante, tienen efectos negativos sobre la estabilidad de distintos aditivos comúnmente usados en las premezclas para la nutrición animal. Estos efectos se acentúan cuando mayores dosis de minerales son utilizadas y, por esto es muy importante evitar la sobredosificación de minerales. Cabe señalar que se ha observado una menor afectación a la estabilidad de estos aditivos (vitaminas, enzimas, pigmentos) cuando son empleados minerales que tienen un enlace más fuerte a otras moléculas que forman parte de su estructura, como lo son los minerales orgánicos.

Por ejemplo, Shurson y col. (2011) observaron que una premezcla de vitaminas mantenida en almacenamiento por 4 meses a una temperatura constante de 30 ºC, en oscuridad, presenta una pérdida de la vitamina B1 del 10% cuando no esta no contiene minerales, presenta una perdida del 32% cuando contiene minerales inorgánicos y una perdida del 16% cuando esta en contacto con minerales orgánicos. Para la vitamina B12, estos autores observaron una pérdida del 8% en una premezcla sin minerales, 21% en una premezcla con minerales inorgánicos y 10% con minerales orgánicos. Esto indica que el uso de minerales orgánicos, como aquellos pertenecientes a la línea Bioplex® de Alltech, puede permitir cumplir con los requerimientos nutricionales de los organismos y disminuir los efectos negativos de los minerales sobre distintas vitaminas. Cabe señalar que la sensibilidad de las vitaminas a los efectos oxidantes de los minerales varía dependiendo de cada vitamina y su naturaleza química. 

También se ha observado que los minerales tienen efectos detrimentales sobre la efectividad de los antioxidantes. Murphy y col. (2018) probaron la actividad antioxidante relativa del butilhidroxitolueno (BHT), después de ser expuesto a distintas concentraciones de Hierro (Fig. 2) y Cobre en distintas presentaciones de minerales orgánicos e inorgánicos, y observaron que los minerales traza Bioplex® presentaron la menor afectación a la actividad del antioxidante. 

2.jpg

Fig. 2.- Actividad antioxidante relativa del BHT ante la exposición a distintas presentaciones y concentraciones de Hierro.

Algunos alimentos acuícolas son fortificados con pigmentos, los cuales también son lábiles a la actividad oxidante de los minerales. Nuevamente se observó que los minerales, cuyas cargas están protegidas por moléculas orgánicas, muestran una menor afectación a estos aditivos. Investigaciones internas probaron que una premezcla que contenga minerales Bioplex® muestra una estabilidad del pigmento astaxantina del 100% después de 1.5 meses de almacenamiento, mientras que una premezcla que contenga minerales inorgánicos presenta una estabilidad del 80% (Fig. 3). 

3_0.jpg

Fig. 3.- Estabilidad del pigmento astaxantina en una premezcla con Bioplex® y en una con minerales inorgánicos a distintos intervalos de tiempo.

Por último, un aditivo que cada vez cobra un mayor auge en la nutrición acuícola es el uso de enzimas exógenas, que apoyan a los organismos a digerir aquellos componentes de la dieta que su propia maquinaria enzimática no es capaz de procesar. Dado que se busca hacer más eficiente la nutrición de los organismos, es importante analizar los efectos de los minerales sobre estas enzimas. Santos y col. (2015) determinaron que la actividad de las enzimas comerciales, específicamente las fitasas, se ve disminuida por las concentraciones y presentaciones en las que son empleados algunos minerales traza; concluyendo que los minerales orgánicos Bioplex® son consistentemente y significativamente menos inhibitorios hacia la actividad de las enzimas, que los minerales inorgánicos.Ver estos resultados en la tabla 2.

Tabla 2.- Actividad relativa de fitasa (% ± D.E.) a distintas concentraciones de cobre en distintas presentaciones.

4.jpg

A pesar de todas las ventajas que han sido observadas sobre el uso de minerales orgánicos, es pertinente señalar que el término de minerales orgánicos es empleado para una amplia gama de productos comerciales y cada uno de ellos difiere en su composición, efectividad y calidad. 

Los minerales orgánicos pueden ser clasificados de la siguiente manera, de acuerdo a la Asociación de Oficiales Americanos de Control de Alimentos - AAFCO (1998), por sus siglas en inglés: 

  • Complejos minerales de aminoácidos específicos: Los cuales comprenden a los minerales ligados a un aminoácido específico.  
  • Quelatos minerales de aminoácidos no específicos: Los cuales comprenden a los minerales ligados a uno o varios aminoácidos que forman un anillo heterocíclico con el mineral. 
  • Complejos minerales de polisacáridos: Los cuales comprenden a los minerales ligados a un polisacárido. 
  • Proteinatos minerales: Los cuales comprenden a los minerales ligados a una o varias cadenas de aminoácidos o a péptidos que forman un anillo heterocíclico con el mineral.      

Dependiendo del número y tipo de sitios de unión que existan entre el mineral y las moléculas orgánicas, el mineral tendrá una mayor protección contra la interacción con otros componentes del alimento balanceado. Esta diferencia es una de las razones por las cuales las pruebas in vitro, in vivo, comerciales y de laboratorio, con distintos productos clasificados como minerales orgánicos, han mostrado resultados variables. Los Bioplex® son clasificados como proteinatos, en los cuales son las cadenas de aminoácidos las responsables de la quelación y protección del mineral; a diferencia de los quelatos de aminoácidos donde la protección es realizada solo por uno o varios aminoácidos individuales. Alltech ha investigado distintas condiciones de producción de minerales orgánicos y ha seleccionado aquellas que producen lo minerales con los niveles óptimos de estabilidad y biodisponibilidad.  

Finalmente, un factor que debe considerarse para cualquier fabricante de productos de nutrición animal, es el control de calidad de sus procesos de manufactura. En este sentido, el control de calidad de los Bioplex® incluye el análisis para la detección de metales pesados, dioxinas y otros contaminantes que puedan estar presentes en la materia prima del producto, a la recepción de esta y a la salida del producto terminado. Adicionalmente, para comprobar la calidad de sus minerales orgánicos y diferenciarse de otros fabricantes de productos para la nutrición animal, Alltech ha desarrollado métodos analíticos que determinan adecuadamente el grado de protección que existe entre las cadenas de aminoácidos y los minerales. Estos métodos basados en espectroscopia infrarroja y en difracción de rayos X, permiten demostrar la eficiencia del proceso tecnológico y garantizar un producto de alta calidad (Cantwell et al., 2017). 

Conclusión 

Distintas pruebas han demostrado que los alimentos balanceados que busquen aprovechar adecuadamente las vitaminas, los antioxidantes, los pigmentos y las enzimas, deberán utilizarlos de manera conjunta con minerales que afecten en menor medida su estabilidad, como los quelatos proteinatos Bioplex® de Alltech; para proporcionar al organismo un alimento funcional de calidad.  

Conforme se desarrollen más investigaciones y pruebas comerciales, se espera que exista un cambio en el uso de minerales inorgánicos hacia la tecnología de los minerales orgánicos. 

El uso de minerales orgánicos significa un cambio de paradigma en pro de las tecnologías que benefician la salud de los organismos, el cuidado del medio ambiente y la eficiencia de las operaciones acuícolas. Invitamos a que los productores acuícolas y nutriólogos consulten a sus proveedores sobre estas tecnologías. 

Este artículo fue escrito por Enrique Guemez Sorhouet, Gerente Técnico Comercial de Acuicultura, y publicado en su cuenta de LinkedIn. 

Referencias: 

  • AAFCO. 1998. Publicación oficial de la Asociación de Oficiales Americanos de Control de Alimentos. pp. 237-238.  
  • Shurson, G., Salzer, T., Koehler, D. y Whitney, M. 2011. Effect of metal specific amino acid complexes and inorganic trace minerals on vitamin stability in premixes. Animal Feed Science and Technology. Vol. 163. No. 2-4. pp 200-206.
  • Santos, T., Connolly, C. y Murphy, R. 2015. Trace element inhibition of phytase activity. Biological Trace Element Research. Vol. 163, No. 1–2, pp 255–265. 
  • Cantwell, C., Byrne, L., Connolly, C., Hynes, M., McArdle, P. y Murphy, R. 2017 Quantitative assessment of copper proteinates used as animal feed additives using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. Vol. 34. No. 8. pp 1344-1352. 
  • Murphy, R. 2018. Organic Trace Minerals: Optimized Stability Enhances Bioavailability. International Health Journal. Vol. 34. No. 8. pp 28-32.  

 

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La importancia de los minerales orgánicos en la nutrición acuícola - Primera parte

Submitted by ldobler on Tue, 12/03/2019 - 13:32

Los minerales son elementos indispensables en la nutrición animal. Estos pueden ser clasificados en macrominerales o microminerales, dependiendo de las cantidades en las que son requeridos por los organismos durante el cultivo. Los microminerales, también llamados minerales traza, generalmente son requeridos en cantidades dentro del rango de partes por millón o mg/kg. Este grupo está compuesto por minerales como Manganeso, Cobalto, Cobre, Selenio, Hierro y Zinc, y son importantes para la salud animal pues, entre otras funciones, actúan como componentes de las metaloenzimas que trabajan en distintos procesos fisiológicos (Fig. 1): 

1.jpg

Fig.1- Adaptado de Lall (2002).

¿Cómo los organismos obtienen estos minerales durante el cultivo? Bajo las densidades del cultivo en la acuicultura comercial actual, estos minerales deben ser proporcionados a los organismos en cantidades adecuadas a través del alimento balanceado. Existen inicialmente dos grupos en los que estos minerales son clasificados para su uso en la nutrición animal: como minerales inorgánicos y como minerales orgánicos. 

Los minerales inorgánicos son sales minerales compuestas por un anión (óxido, carbonato y sulfato) y un catión mineral metálico. La principal característica de los minerales inorgánicos es que el mineral catión y el anión están unidos por un enlace iónico, intrínsecamente de baja fuerza y con una alta solubilidad en el agua. Esto propicia que en condiciones acuosas o en el intestino de los organismos, la sal mineral se disocie en iones individuales con cargas positivas y negativas.  

Por su parte, los minerales orgánicos están compuestos por el elemento mineral metálico y por una o varias moléculas que contienen carbono, hidrogeno y oxígeno en su estructura; generalmente siendo uno o varios aminoácidos, cadenas de aminoácidos o polisacáridos. A diferencia del enlace iónico en los minerales inorgánicos, los componentes de los minerales orgánicos están ligados (en estas moléculas, la ligación es denominada complejación o quelación) por enlaces covalentes de mayor fuerza; lo que previene su disociación y evita en un mayor grado que los minerales metálicos presenten cargas. Este menor grado de disociación tiene una significancia práctica, por ejemplo, para el alimento del camarón donde  de acuerdo a Koshio y Davis (2010), la lixiviación de los minerales fuera del alimento es un problema significativo, ya que estos pueden fácilmente perder sus enlaces, ser disueltos en la columna de agua y no llegar a los organismos en cultivo.

En la industria de la nutrición animal, los minerales inorgánicos son más utilizados debido a su bajo costo, sin embargo debido a sus cargas iónicas, estos son ineficientes en términos de biodisponibilidad. También se ha observado que las cargas de los minerales inorgánicos provocan que interactúen con otros componentes del alimento balanceado como las vitaminas, los antioxidantes y las enzimas; reduciendo la efectividad de estos aditivos y la biodisponibilidad del mineral. Esto previene que los minerales inorgánicos sean incorporados por el metabolismo del organismo y cumplan con su función fisiológica. A continuación, se presentan distintos beneficios, observados in vivo e in vitro, por el uso de minerales orgánicos en la nutrición animal.

Sobredosificación 

De acuerdo a la disponibilidad de la información encontrada en la literatura científica, es evidente que existen varios retos para determinar los requerimientos de los minerales traza para las especies acuícolas (National Research Council, 2011). Entre ellos, está la dificultad de elaborar dietas purificadas con cantidades específicas de minerales que produzcan deficiencias en el crecimiento de los organismos o síntomas clínicos. Por otro lado, usualmente los requerimientos son determinados en condiciones de laboratorio, que difieren de aquellos en los que los organismos son cultivados comercialmente bajo retos ambientales, físicos y biológicos; donde realmente radica el interés de realizar estas determinaciones. Aun cuando experimentalmente se han logrado superar estos retos, la mayoría de los bioensayos han sido realizados empleando minerales inorgánicos, los cuales se ha comprobado que tienen una baja biodisponibilidad. Esto provoca que los niveles recomendados sean mayores a los que el organismo realmente necesita, es decir, existe una sobredosificación de minerales que no son asimilados por los organismos y que resulta en el desecho de estos minerales hacia el medio ambiente. 

Utilizando minerales orgánicos de mayor biodisponibilidad, se pueden dosificar a menores cantidades para cumplir con los niveles nutricionales utilizados por la industria. Esto ha sido observado en varios estudios, como el realizado por Katya y col. (2016), quienes determinaron que en condiciones de laboratorio, el utilizar minerales orgánicos (cobre, zinc y manganeso) al 50% de una dosis de minerales inorgánicos, no produce efectos negativos sobre el crecimiento del camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei) del Pacífico. Bharadwaj y col. (2014) lograron obtener un crecimiento similar en camarón blanco del Pacífico, utilizando una formulación zinc orgánico al 50% de una dosis empleada de zinc inorgánico. De la misma manera, Apines-Amar y col. (2004) no detectaron un decremento en el crecimiento de la trucha (Oncorhynchus mykiss) al ser alimentada con alimento balanceado que contenía minerales orgánicos al 50% de los niveles de los inorgánicos. El hecho de poder utilizar una menor cantidad de minerales en su presentación orgánica representa hacer un uso más eficiente de los recursos y un menor nivel de contaminación generada por descargas acuícolas. Por ejemplo, desde un punto de vista ambiental y regulatorio, en la Unión Europea existe legislación que busca limitar la descarga de minerales a los cuerpos de agua y esto ha extendido el uso de minerales orgánicos por parte de nutriólogos y plantas de alimentos; pues como se mencionó, pueden ser usados en menores dosis que sus contrapartes inorgánicas por presentar una mayor biodisponibilidad y absorción. 

Este artículo fue escrito por Enrique Guemez Sorhouet, Gerente Técnico Comercial de Acuicultura, y publicado en su cuenta de LinkedIn

Referencias: 

  • Lall, Santosh. 2003. The Minerals. En: John E. Halver y Ronald W. Hardy, Fish Nutrition, 3ra edición, Academic Press. Pp. 259-308. 
  • Apines-Amar, M. Satoh, S., Marlowe, C., Caipang, A. Kiron, V., Watanabe, T. y Aoki, T. 2004. Amino acid-chelate: a better source of Zn, Mn and Cu for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, Vol. 240. No. 1–4. pp. 345-358. 
  • Koshio, S. y Davis, A. 2010. Mineral requirements of shrimp and prawns. En: Alday-Sanz V. The Shrimp Book. Nottingham University Press. pp 485-490.  
  • National Research Council. 2011. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. The National Academies Press. 
  • Bharadwaj, S.A., Patnaik, S., Browdy, L.C., Lawrence, L.A. 2016. Availability of dietary zinc sources and effects on performance of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture. Vol. 13, 1-10.  
  • Katya, K., Lee, S., Yun, H., Dagoberto, S., Browdy, C., Vazquez-Anon, M. y Bai, S. 2016. Efficacy of inorganic and chelated trace minerals (Cu, Zn and Mn) premix sources in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) fed plant protein based diets. Aquaculture. Vol. 459. pp 117-123.

 

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Dutch dairy farmers can lead the way in averting nitrogen emissions challenge

Submitted by mdaly on Tue, 12/03/2019 - 10:40

Heemskerk and Alltech collaboration working towards a cost-effective solution for rising ammonia levels

 

[DIESSEN, the Netherlands] – The agriculture industry in the Netherlands has been heavily hit by demands to reduce nitrogen (N2) emissions. Following a Council of State judgment, the Dutch government is now looking at how the agricultural industry can play a role in reducing overall nitrogen emissions, such as ammonia and nitrous oxide, from cows and manure.

Following last week’s declaration of a “climate and environmental emergency”, by the European Parliament, farmers and the agriculture industry can lead the fight against this crisis. Global animal health company, Alltech®, has partnered with Dutch dairy nutrition company, Ingenieursbureau Heemskerk®, to develop a solution. They are collaborating on a new technology, specifically designed to improve protein utilisation and reduce ammonia emissions in dairy cattle. Heemskerk intend to bring this product to the market in the near future.

“We need to ensure that we get the most out of the protein in our animal feeds and use the latest technologies to reduce agriculture’s ammonia emissions. Producing more and better quality food, whilst at the same time reducing waste, aligns with Alltech’s vision for a Planet of Plenty™,” explained Robbie Walker, business development manager, Alltech.

“Our partner, Heemskerk, is working to create a solution that can empower farmers in the Netherlands to make a real contribution to solving some of the environmental impacts created through agriculture while working towards new, sustainable dairy production practices,” added Walker.

An additional solution to treat ammonia in manure storage facilities is also being developed. Adding a feed solution to the daily ration of cows, coupled with a manure storage facility treatment solution, could potentially see a reduction of 38 kilotons of ammonia (NH3) per year.

“Speed and agility are essential if farmers are going to have a positive impact in the fight to reduce nitrogen emissions,” said Eric Heemskerk, founder of Heemskerk. “By collaborating with Alltech, we are working to create a cost-effective solution to the ammonia crisis that can be easily deployed. Ultimately, the product we will be bringing to market is backed by science, and we look forward to empowering farmers to make a real difference.

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Alltech has partnered with Dutch company, Heemskerk, who is working to create a solution that can empower farmers in the Netherlands to make a real contribution to solving some of the environmental impacts created through agriculture while working towards new, sustainable dairy production practices

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Стратегия Alltech направлена на увеличение разнообразия бактерий, формирующих микробиом животного

Submitted by Ssemenova on Tue, 12/03/2019 - 08:15

Джейн Бирне
Информационный сайт FeedNavigator

Оригинал интервью Ричарда Мёрфи читайте по ссылке: https://www.feednavigator.com/…/Alltech-fine-tuning-its-app…

Здоровье кишечника – это одно из трёх основных направлений исследований в Европейском центре биологических наук Alltech в Данбойне, Ирландия. Ещё два направления – это исследования в области микроэлементов и растениеводства.

В прошлом месяце во время пресс-тура FeedNavigator представилась возможность пообщаться с Ричардом Мёрфи, директором научно-исследовательского центра Alltech, и узнать, что делает команда учёных, чтобы улучшить здоровье сельскохозяйственных животных.

Он сказал, что последние 25 лет ведётся работа над двумя из этих направлений, здоровьем кишечника и изучением микроэлементов.

«Однако исследования в области растениеводства – это новое направление для нас, мы недавно начали работать в этом направлении в Данбойне, хотя учёные Alltech работали в этой области последние 20 лет».

В изучении здоровья кишечника основные усилия направлены на исследование способов изменения микробиома и того, каким образом эти изменения могут повлиять не только на здоровье кишечника, но и на общее состояние здоровья и продуктивность животного.

«В последнее время в своей работе мы наблюдали сходные реакции у разных видов животных. Это имеет большое значение, поскольку сходная эффективность для разных видов животных свидетельствует о фундаментальности и универсальности наблюдаемых закономерностей».

Особых успехов команда учёных добилась в понимании способов контроля и улучшения общего разнообразия бактерий в микробиоме, пояснил далее Мёрфи.

«Мы часто слышим о так называемом дисбиозе у птицы, свиней, и даже у жвачных, и, конечно, в значительной степени это может быть обусловлено снижением разнообразия обитающих в кишечнике бактерий, поэтому большее разнообразие бактерий и других микробов в кишечнике обеспечивает лучший защитный эффект. Большее разнообразие бактерий в желудочно-кишечном тракте всегда связано с лучшим состоянием здоровья и высокой продуктивностью.

Мы увидели, что при увеличении бактериального разнообразия животное не только становится здоровее, но и снижается риск колонизации кишечника патогенами».

Эндогенная продукция летучих жирных кислот (ЛЖК)
Исторически, усилия группы были направлены на изучение E. coli и Salmonella, чтобы найти способы борьбы с их патогенными штаммами.

«Большая часть работы посвящена процессу агглютинации: использование маннанобогащенных фракций дрожжей Saccharomyces для агглютинации таких патогенов как E. coli и Salmonella не позволяет им прикрепляться к стенке кишечника и таким образом предотвращает его колонизацию и заражение, а также негативные последствия, например, нарушение структуры ворсинок кишечника животных.

Но в последнее время мы обнаружили, что, помимо способности связывать патогены, маннансодержащие продукты обладают более мощным эффектом – способностью влиять на разнообразие микробиома, точный механизм этого влияния пока не изучен. Ясно, что имеет место эффект конкурентного замещения, изменяя разнообразие микроорганизмов, можно сделать среду кишечника неблагоприятной для роста патогенов». 

Также при использовании маннанобогащенных фракций наблюдалось изменение профиля ЛЖК в слепых отростках кишечника птицы и у других видов животных.

«Мы связываем это с увеличением количества бутирата в слепом отделе кишечника».

Подобные результаты вдохновляют команду учёных Alltech в Данбойне проводить исследования в новых направлениях, изучать так называемые постбиотики, оценивая метаболиты бактерий, продуцируемые ими в желудочно-кишечном тракте.

«Мы назвали эти метаболиты постбиотиками, они могут иметь гораздо большее влияние, чем мы думаем. Одна из таких молекул – бутират, он участвует не только в регуляции количества патогенов, но и оказывает общее влияние на организм хозяина, участвуя в пространственной модификации белковых молекул, что может иметь большое значение в иммунном ответе и улучшении плотных контактов».

Идея заключается в том, чтобы непосредственно влиять на эндогенную продукцию ЛЖК, в частности, бутирата, при помощи изменения микробных популяций желудочно-кишечного тракта.

«Сейчас в отрасли наблюдается стремление к обогащению рационов бутиратом или продуктами на его основе, но я не думаю, что такие продукты смогут быть эффективными в целевых отделах кишечника, таких как слепая кишка. Но если обеспечить локальное выделение бутирата при помощи эндогенного механизма, мы получим гораздо большую эффективность».

Также команда учёных ищет ответ на вопрос, влияют ли маннанобогащенные фракции на виды бактерий, продуцирующих бутират, или же увеличение бутирата создается благодаря феномену, называемому «кроссфидинг», при котором происходит стимуляция синтеза молекул-предшественников бутирата, например, ацетата.

Пять лет назад у учёных не было доступных инструментов для проведения исследований, которые могли бы дать ответ на данный вопрос. Но появление методов, позволяющих строить прогнозы, таких как глубокое секвенирование и анализ данных в области биоинформатики, в корне изменило ситуацию.

«Мы понимаем, какие изменения происходят в микробных популяциях, а также то, какими могут быть изменения функций этих популяций».

Устойчивость к антимикробным средствам
Группа учёных также продвинулась вперед в понимании проблемы устойчивости к антимикробным средствам.

Бактерии обладают огромной способностью к формированию резистентности к антибиотикам, отметил Мёрфи.

Учёные из Данбойна в сотрудничестве с доктором Фионой Уолш провели в университете Мейнута определение резистома коммерческих стад птицы.

«Предварительные результаты этой работы удивляют, поскольку обнаружено, что распространённость и степень резистентности намного больше, чем мы полагали.

Мы не стали рассматривать отдельно каждый случай резистентности к конкретному веществу, вместо этого мы продемонстрировали, что существуют факторы резистентности к антибиотикам, позволяющие бактериям сформировать резистентность к 25 различным классам антибиотиков, а также имеются более 300 отдельных маркеров резистентности в желудочно-кишечном тракте. До сих пор не понятно, почему они там присутствуют. Они просто есть. Работая с коммерческими предприятиями, мы знаем, что они не использовали все эти антибиотики, более того, у них никогда не и возникло бы такой потребности, а некоторые из этих антибиотиков к тому же очень редкие».

Сейчас готовится к публикации научная статья и работа группы строится вокруг идеи о том, что если получится повысить чувствительность бактерий к антибиотикам, то появится возможность увеличения эффективности антибиотиков, что позволит уменьшить зависимость от них в качестве профилактических средств и разумно использовать их в будущем.

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Students win life-changing prizes at 14th annual Alltech Vocal Scholarship Competition

Submitted by ldozier on Tue, 12/03/2019 - 07:44

Twenty-one undergraduate and graduate students took the stage at the 14th annual Alltech Vocal Scholarship Competition to sing for their chance to win scholarships and prizes that will jumpstart their operatic careers.

The Lyons family has long believed that the arts are essential to creativity and imagination. Alltech’s founder, the late Dr. Pearse Lyons, was an avid supporter of the arts. In 2006, he initiated what is now one of the largest vocal scholarship programs in the world. The Lyonses consider education to be a critical investment in our community and the world around us.

“By providing opportunities for students to develop their talents and their passion, we can show our support of the arts,” said Mrs. Deirdre Lyons, co-founder and director of corporate image and design at Alltech. “This is what Pearse encouraged people to do, and it is a legacy that we will continue.”

Winners of the 2019 Alltech Vocal Scholarship Competition are:

Undergraduate

  • Alltech First Place Incoming Undergraduate Award and Scholarship: Ann Weible, Louisville, Kentucky
  • Alltech and Bryant’s Rent-All Second Place Undergraduate Award and Scholarship: Williams Stone Atkinson, Lexington, Kentucky
  • KPMG Third Place Undergraduate Award: Lauren Maynus, Cincinnati Ohio
  • Barbara Rouse Kentucky Prize: Sierra Kidd, Louisville, Kentucky
  • Burchfield  Thomas Gail Robinson Performance Award: Mae Alice Harrell, Louisville, Kentucky
  • Encouragement Award: Trinity Peace Hines-Anthony, Dayton, Ohio
  • Encouragement Award: Amber Rogers, Washington, D.C.

Transfer

  • First Place Transfer Student Award: Devin Davis, Brandywine, Maryland
  • Transfer Student Encouragement Award: Kellie Sherwood, Lexington, Kentucky

Graduate

  • Alltech First Place Graduate Award: Dawna Rae Warren, Princeton, Kentucky
  • Alltech Second Place Graduate Award: Emily Weaver, LaCrosse, Wisconsin
  • Alltech Third Place Graduate Award: Jeffery Todd, Salisbury, Maryland
  • Encouragement Award: Myah Rose Paden, Athens, Georgia

Finalists were scored on voice, technical skill, interpretation, accuracy and appearance by three judges: Barbara Lynn Jamison, Kentucky Opera’s chief artistic and executive officer; Susanne Marsee, one of the New York City Opera’s leading mezzos for over 20 years; and Dr. Thomas King, a tenor who has sung in five world-premiere operas.

The competition, held March 10 at the University of Kentucky Singletary Center for the Arts, featured a pool of more than $740,200 in prizes. Launched in 2006, the annual competition at the University of Kentucky marks a continued partnership between Alltech and the University of Kentucky Opera Theatre department. Since its start, over 150 students have received over $1.3 million in cash prizes and over $5.6 million in scholarships and assistantships. This totals more than $7 million in collaborative investment into the lives of students who want to pursue a career in the arts at UK. The partnership has also positioned UK Opera Theatre as a Richard Tucker Music Foundation top-recommended opera program.

“This time last year, we had just lost my father,” said Dr. Mark Lyons, president and CEO of Alltech, during the opening remarks. “It was right here that I gave my first public speech after his passing. I have to say, giving that speech — and feeling the support from the community and the vocalists who shared their talent on this stage — inspired us, and exemplified the legacy that has been built here.

“We look forward to seeing what’s next for the vocal scholarship winners, and for this unique competition, as we continue to carry the legacy forward,” he continued.

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Dr. Everett McCorvey, director at UK Opera Theatre, and Dr. Mark Lyons, president and CEO of Alltech, present the Alltech First Place Incoming Undergraduate Award and Scholarship to Ann Weible at the 2019 Alltech Vocal Scholarship Competition, where 21 young vocalists competed for more than $740,200 in scholarships and prizes.

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